Monday 22 September 2008

The Walt Disney Company is one of the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world. Founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt and Roy Disney as an animation studio, it has become one of the biggest Hollywood studios, and owner of eleven theme parks and several television networks, including ABC and ESPN. Disney's corporate headquarters and primary production facilities are located at The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. The company is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

Senior Executive Management


  • Robert Iger (President and CEO)


  • Roy E. Disney (Consultant and Director)


  • Thomas O. Staggs (Senior Executive Vice President and CFO)


  • Alan N. Braverman (Senior Executive Vice President, General Counsel)


  • Dennis W. Shuler (Executive Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer)


  • John Lasseter (Chief Creative Officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios)


  • Zenia Mucha (Executive Vice President, Corporate Communications)


Current board of director


  • Susan Arneld


  • John Bryson


  • John S. Chen


  • Judith Estrin


  • Robert Iger (CEO)


  • Steve Jobs


  • Fred Langhammer


  • Aylwin Lewis


  • Mónica Lozano


  • Robert Matschullat


  • John E. Pepper, Jr. (Chairman)


  • Orin C. Smith


  • Roy E. Disney (non-Voting Director Emeritus)

Founding and early success (1922–1966)
























































































































































































































































Year Notable Business Events Notable Releases
(See List of Disney feature films for complete film listing)
1923



  • Walt Disney signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice Comedies, beginning the Disney company under its original name Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, with brothers Walt and Roy Disney, as equal partners.

1924




  • First Alice comedy, Alice's Day at Sea, released.
1926



  • Company changed name to The Walt Disney Studio shortly after moving into the new studio on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district.

1927




  • Oswald the Lucky Rabbit debuts
1928



  • Walt loses the Oswald series contract




  • Mickey Mouse debuts in Plane Crazy


  • Steamboat Willie
1929



  • On December 16, the original partnership formed in 1923 is replaced by Walt Disney Productions, Ltd. Three other companies, Walt Disney Enterprises, Disney Film Recording Company, and Liled Realty and Investment Company, are also formed.




  • The Skeleton Dance, the first Silly Symphony
1932




  • Flowers and Trees, first three-strip Technicolor short
1937




  • Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
1938



  • On September 29, Walt Disney Enterprises, Disney Film Recording Company, and Liled Realty and Investment Company are merged into Walt Disney Productions.

1940



  • Studio moves to Burbank, California




  • Pinocchio


  • Fantasia
1941



  • A bitter animators' strike occurs


  • The studio begins making morale-boosting propaganda films for the United States during World War II




  • Dumbo
1942




  • Bambi
1943




  • Saludos Amigos
1944



  • The company is short on money; a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much-needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films.

1945


The Three Caballeros

1946


Song of the South

1947



  • Signs their first independent studio, The Byrnest Studio in Orlando

1949



  • The studio begins production on its first all-live action feature, Treasure Island




  • The True-Life Adventures series begins
1950




  • Cinderella
1951
Alice in Wonderland
1952



  • WED Enterprises is formed to design theme park

1953



  • Retlaw Enterprises is formed to control the rights to "Disney". It will later own and operate several attractions inside Disneyland, including the Monorail and the Disneyland Railroad.


  • The studio founds Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures to distribute its feature films.




  • Peter Pan
1954



  • Beginning of the Wonderful World of Disney TV program

1955



  • Disneyland opens




  • Lady and the Tramp
1957



  • Walt Disney Productions goes public

1959




  • Sleeping Beauty
1961




  • One Hundred and One Dalmatians
1963




  • The Sword in the Stone
1964




  • Mary Poppins
1966



  • Walt Disney dies of lung cancer



After Walt Disney's death (1967-1983)












































































































Year Notable Business Events
Notable Releases
(See List of Disney feature films for complete film listing)
1967



  • Construction begins on Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando, Florida; the underlying governmental structure, called the Reedy Creek Improvement District, is signed into law.





  • The Jungle Book
1968



  • The name Walt Disney Productions changed to Walt Disney Enterprises


1970





  • The Aristocats
1971



  • The Walt Disney World Resort opens


  • Roy Oliver Disney dies; Donn Tatum becomes chairman and Card Walker becomes president





  • The Cat in the Hat


  • Bedknobs and Broomsticks
1973





  • Robin Hood
1977



  • Walt's nephew Roy Edward Disney, resigns from the company citing a decline in overall product quality and issues with management.





  • The Rescuers
1980



  • The home video division is created.


  • Disney's first co-production, with Paramount Pictures, is Popeye


1981



  • Plans for a cable network are announced.


  • Dumbo is Disney's first animated feature released on video.





  • The Fox and the Hound
1982



  • Experimental Prototype Community Of Tomorrow (EPCOT) Center opens at Walt Disney World Resort


  • Walt's son-in-law Ron W. Miller succeeds Card Walker as CEO.





  • Tron
1983



  • Disney Channel begins


  • Tokyo Disneyland opens in Japan



Eisner era (1984–2004)




















































































































































































Year Notable Business Events Notable Releases
(See List of Disney feature films for complete listing)
1984



  • Touchstone Films is created after the studio narrowly escapes a buyout attempt by Saul Steinberg, and releases its first film Splash.


  • Roy Edward Disney and his business partner, Stanley Gold, remove Ron W. Miller as CEO and president, replacing him with Michael Eisner and Frank Wells.


  • The Walt Disney Classics video collection starts up.
1985



  • The studio begins making cartoons for television beginning with Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears and The Wuzzles.


  • The home video release of Pinocchio becomes a best-seller.




  • The Black Cauldron (Disney's first PG-rated animated film)


  • Return To Oz
1986



  • The company's name is changed on February 6 from Walt Disney Productions to The Walt Disney Company.


  • Disney's first R-rated film, Down and Out in Beverly Hills, is released under the Touchstone banner.




  • The Great Mouse Detective
1987



  • First Disney Store opens in Glendale, California.


  • The company and the French government sign an agreement for the creation of the first Disney Resort in Europe: the Euro Disney project starts.


  • The company opens up a Hall of Fame called Disney Legends with Fred MacMurray as the first induction.




  • The Brave Little Toaster
1988




  • Who Framed Roger Rabbit, from Touchstone Pictures and Amblin Entertainment


  • Oliver & Company
1989



  • Disney offers a deal to buy Jim Henson's Muppets and have the famed puppeteer work with Disney resources.


  • Disney-MGM Studios opens at Walt Disney World.




  • The Little Mermaid
1990



  • Jim Henson's death sours the deal to buy his holdings.


  • The anthology series is canceled for the second time. The Disney Afternoon block debuts.




  • Dick Tracy, from Touchstone Pictures


  • The Rescuers Down Under
1991




  • Beauty and the Beast, the only animated film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
1992



  • Euro Disney Resort opens outside Paris.


  • The company is granted permission for a National Hockey League expansion franchise.


  • The team is named the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to coincide with the release of The Mighty Ducks.




  • Newsies


  • Aladdin
1993



  • Disney acquires independent film distributor Miramax Films.


  • Winnie the Pooh merchandise outsells Mickey Mouse merchandise for the first time.


  • The policy of periodic theatrical re-issues ends with this year's re-issue of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, but is augmented for video.




  • The Nightmare Before Christmas
1994



  • Frank Wells is killed in a helicopter crash.


  • Beauty and the Beast opens on broadway.


  • Jeffrey Katzenberg resigns to co-found his own studio, DreamWorks SKG.


  • Plans for Disney's America, a historical theme park in Haymarket, Virginia, are abruptly dropped.


  • Euro Disneyland is renamed Disneyland Paris.


  • The Classics video line is unofficially canceled and replaced with the Masterpiece Collection.




  • The Lion King
1995



  • In October, the company hires Hollywood super agent Michael Ovitz to be president.


  • Disney purchases DiC Entertainment, and owned rights to shows, including Inspector Gadget (which eventually would be made into a live-action film in 1999) and dubbing of the first two seasons of Sailor Moon.




  • Toy Story (the first computer-animated feature film produced by Pixar Animation Studios)


  • Pocahontas
1996



  • The company takes on the Disney Enterprises name and acquires the Capital Cities/ABC group, renaming it ABC, Inc.


  • To celebrate the pairing, ABC's first Super Soap Weekend is held at Walt Disney World.


  • Disney makes deal with Tokuma Shoten for dubbing and releasing of Studio Ghibli films in the U.S. In December, Michael Ovitz, president of the company, leaves "by mutual consent".




  • The Hunchback of Notre Dame
1997



  • The anthology series is revived again.


  • The home video division releases its first DVDs.


  • Disney takes control of the Major League Baseball franchise the California Angels of the American League, renaming the team the Anaheim Angels in order to coincide with Disney's hockey team the Mighty Ducks and to draw more tourism to Anaheim and nearby Disneyland.




  • Hercules
1998



  • Disney's Animal Kingdom opens.


  • Kiki's Delivery Service is released on video.


  • Disney Cruise Line sets sail with its first ship, the Disney Magic.


  • Toon Disney begins.




  • Mulan


  • A Bug's Life
1999



  • Disney Cruise Line ship Disney Wonder sets sail.




  • Tarzan


  • Toy Story 2
2000



  • Robert Iger becomes president.


  • Disney-owned TV channels are pulled from Time Warner Cable briefly during a dispute over carriage fees.


  • Disney begins its Gold Classic Collection DVD line.




  • Fantasia 2000, released to IMAX theaters


  • Dinosaur


  • The Emperor's New Groove
2001



  • Disney's California Adventure and Tokyo DisneySea open to the public.


  • Disney buys Fox Family Network for $3 billion in July, giving Disney programming and cable network reaching 81 million homes.


  • Disney changes Fox Family Network to ABC Family.


  • Fort Worth billionaire Sid Bass is forced to sell his Disney holdings due to a margin call caused partially by the stock market fall that followed the 9/11 attacks.


  • The fact that Bass had bought his shares on margin was a shock when it was revealed.


  • Losing Bass was a blow to Eisner; Bass was one of his major backers and had recruited Eisner to Disney.


  • Disney begins its Platinum Edition DVD line with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, as well as the Walt Disney Treasures DVD box set line for the collector's market.




  • Atlantis: The Lost Empire


  • Monsters, Inc.
2002



  • Walt Disney Studios Park opens near Disneyland Paris (renamed Disneyland Park). The entire area is now called Disneyland Resort Paris.


  • Disney finishes negotiations to acquire Saban Entertainment, owner of children's entertainment juggernaut Power Rangers.


  • Miramax acquires the USA rights to the Pokémon movies starting with the fourth movie.


  • Disney teams up with famous video game company Squaresoft (later known as Square-Enix) to release their first ever role-playing game with various Disney characters, Kingdom Hearts.


  • Disney releases Spirited Away in the United States, which goes on to be the first anime film to win an Oscar for Best Animated Film.


  • Disney begins joint venture business with Sanrio for Sanrio's greeting cards.




  • Lilo & Stitch


  • Treasure Planet
2003



  • Roy E. Disney resigns as the chairman of Feature Animation and from the board of directors, citing similar reasons to those that drove him off 26 years earlier. Fellow director Stanley Gold resigns with him. They establish a group called "Save Disney" to apply public pressure to oust Michael Eisner.


  • Pixar ends distribution agreement with Disney.


  • Disney buys the Power Ranger franchise from Saban.




  • Brother Bear


  • Finding Nemo


  • Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (the first film released under the Disney label with a PG-13 rating)
2004



  • Comcast makes an unsuccessful hostile bid for the company.


  • Eisner is replaced by George J. Mitchell as chairman of the board after a 43% vote of no confidence.


  • Disney turns down distributing controversial documentary film Fahrenheit 9/11, which ends up making $100 million.


  • On February 17, Disney buys the Muppets, excluding the Sesame Street characters.


  • Disney creates Jetix the children's block that mainly consists of Fox Kids shows and original programming on ABC Family and Toon Disney.


  • Disney Store chain licensed to The Children's Place.




  • Home on the Range (Disney's last traditionally animated film)


  • National Treasure


  • The Incredibles


  • Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories





Iger era (2005–Present)















































Year Notable Business Events Notable Releases
(See List of Disney feature films for complete listing)
2005



  • Disney sells the Anaheim Mighty Ducks to Henry Samueli of Broadcom


  • On July 8, Roy E. Disney rejoins the company as a consultant with the title of Director Emeritus.


  • Disneyland celebrates its 50th anniversary on July 17.


  • Hong Kong Disneyland officially opens on September 12.


  • Bob Iger replaces Michael Eisner as CEO.




  • Chicken Little


  • The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
2006



  • Pixar is purchased


  • Rights to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit are re-obtained from NBC Universal




  • High School Musical


  • Hannah Montana


  • Kingdom Hearts II


  • Cars


  • Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
2007



  • Acquires Club Penguin




  • High School Musical 2


  • Meet the Robinsons


  • Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End


  • Ratatouille


  • Enchanted


  • National Treasure: Book of Secrets
2008



  • Disney Store chain is reacquired from The Children's Place




  • The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian


  • WALL-E


  • Camp Rock


  • Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert

Wednesday 10 September 2008

59. Andrew Marr

Andrew William Stevenson Marr (born 31 July 1959, Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish journalist and political commentator. He edited The Independent for two years, until May 1998, and was the political editor for the BBC from 2000 until 2005. He then began hosting a political programme called Sunday AM (now The Andrew Marr Show) on Sunday mornings on BBC One from September 2005 onwards. In 2007, he presented a political history of post-war Britain on BBC Two, Andrew Marr's History of Modern Britain.

Newspaper career
Marr joined The Scotsman as a trainee and junior business reporter in 1981. He became a parliamentary correspondent for the newspaper in 1984, moving to London at this time, and then a political correspondent in 1986. During this period, Marr met the political journalist Anthony Bevins, who became Marr's mentor and close friend. Bevins was responsible for Marr's first appointment at The Independent as a member of the newspaper's launch staff.

Marr left shortly afterwards, and joined The Economist, where he contributed the weekly "Bagehot" political column and ultimately became the magazine's political editor in 1988. Marr has remarked that his time at The Economist "changed me quite a lot" and "made me question a lot of my assumptions".

At the BBC
Marr wrote as a columnist for The Daily Express and The Observer, before gaining appointment as BBC political editor in May 2000, making him one of the best-known faces on British television. Like his predecessor-but-one John Cole and his famous herringbone overcoat, he soon developed a trademark style, characterised by much gesticulation, as sent up in the comedy impersonation programme Dead Ringers where they use ridiculously long plastic arms when portraying him. He also became known for, and was widely praised for, his ability to contextualise Westminster gossip and intrigue, and explain to viewers and listeners how it would affect their lives. A great believer in the view that 'politics matters', Marr championed the democratic process and saw it as part of his role as Political Editor of the BBC to help make politics meaningful and relevant for many people for whom politics was traditionally dull and something that happened only in Westminster corridors with middle-aged men in suits.

During his time as political editor, Marr assumed various presentational roles, and announced in 2005 that following the 2005 General Election, he would step down as Political Editor to spend more time with his family. He was replaced as Political Editor by Nick Robinson. In September 2005, he moved to a new role presenting the BBC's Sunday morning flagship news programme, Sunday AM, known as The Andrew Marr Show since September 2007, the slot was previously filled with Breakfast with Frost and hosted by Sir David Frost). Marr also hosts the BBC Radio 4 programme Start the Week.

In May and June, 2007, the BBC broadcast Andrew Marr's History of Modern Britain. He presented The five one-hour documentaries, and chronicled the history of Britain from 1945 to 2007. Simultaneously, Macmillan published the book of the series, written by Marr, under the same title.
Marr has written several books on politics and journalism, notably The Day Britain Died (2000) — a state-of-the-nation reflection — and My Trade: A Short History of British Journalism (2004). The former was, in addition, a three-part television series; following Newsnight in the BBC2 schedules, 31 January 20002 February 2000. He has also written several articles for the British political magazine Prospect.

Personal life
Marr lives in East Sheen with his wife, the political journalist Jackie Ashley of The Guardian, whom he married in August 1987. She is a daughter of the Labour Life Peer, Lord Ashley of Stoke. The couple have three children.

Awards
He was named Columnist of the Year 1995 and Columnist of the Year in the British Press Awards and received the Journalist Award in the Channel 4 Political Awards of 2001.
He was considered for honorary membership of The Coterie for 2007. Marr was on the nominations list for the 2004 Richard Dimbleby Award at the Bafta Television Awards.

Friday 29 February 2008

8. Ed Richards

Job: Chief executive of Ofcom

Age: 41

Industry: Regulation

Staff: 776

Salary: £308,930(including bonus, benefits and pension payments)

2006 ranking:77

Ed Richards was new in the rankings of the media 100 in the year 2001.

In 2002 he was ranked 15th. At that time he was working as the Downing Street media policy adviser, working in the political field. Prior to that he was working for Gordon Brown.

In the year 2006 he was ranked 77th in the media 100. Last year he was ranked 8th.

Richards has worked for both Gordon Brown and Tony Blair.

Richards is one of this year's biggest risers, up nearly 70 places to number eight. He was lower last year because he had not yet been appointed to replace Carter as head of Ofcom.

It was as a media adviser to No 10 that he helped draft the Communications Act that brought Ofcom into being.

Ofcom's recent interventions read like a list of the industry's biggest stories of the year so far - the Celebrity Big Brother race row, the premium-rate call-TV scandal, and BskyB's purchase of a 17.9% share in ITV.

Under his predecessor, Ofcom had appeared overly sympathetic to advertisers and broadcasters and seemed happiest as an economics-based regulator. Under Richards, it has begun to show its teeth.

The new regime made its first significant decision last year when it banned junk food advertising around children's TV programmes.